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Patna
Patna Guía, información sobre los monumentos y información sobre los hoteles.
Patna también sabe como Patliputra
Patna, en su más temprano era una aldea que se rezagaba pequeña con el nombre de Patali o de Pataligrama según lo mencionado en tradiciones del budista y de Jaina. Acribes de la leyenda su origen a un movimiento mágico de un rey mythological. Putraka, para su reina Patali. Sin embargo, la historia atestigua su creación por rey Ajatshatru que estaba interesado en cambiar de puesto su capital del Rajagriha montañoso a un Patalli más estratégico, en la confluencia del Ganga.
El hecho es corroborado más a fondo por Buddha que fue impresionado por el sitio cuando él vio la fortaleza que era erigida aquí mientras que él pasaba por esta aldea en el año pasado de su vida. Aclarado más futuro prophiesied un gran futuro para la ciudad encontrada nueva pero predijo simultáneamente su ruina de la inundación, fued o fuego.
Días de oro de Patalil durante Mauryas
Patalil, bajo diversos nombres tiene gusto de Pataligrama, Kusumplura. Pushpapura, Kusum Dhuvaja, Padmavati, Patliputra, Azimabad y finalmente Patna, varias dinastías de serv4ed. Sin embargo, atestiguó su día de oro debajo del Mauryas en los 4th siglo B.C. cuál trajo vividly a la vanguardia la unidad básica y total de todo el imperio de la India por primera vez. Los edificios y los parapetos altos para los cuales Patliputra era conocido, Patanjali impresionado al grado que él les refirió en sus ejemplos gramaticales. Patliplutra fama como un centro de aprender sobrevivió a su gloria política donde los eruditos tienen gusto de Aryabhatta, Ashvaghosha, Chanakya, Panini, Sthalabhadra, Vatsyayana (autor de Kamasutra) encerró sus ideales y examinaron a los grandes autores del Shastras. Embajador griego, Magasthenese ha dejado un accoulnt vivo de Patliplutra que es suplido más a fondo por el trabajo y mucho más adelante los viajeros chinos de Kautilya pasados onl su observación.
El capital de madera exquisito
Un sentido fuerte de la imaginación se requiere para reconstruir el Mauryan Patliputra repleto con multistoreyed edificios de madera, los palacios rodeados por los parques y las charcas. Si debemos creer las cuentas griegas, los parques reales fueron alineados con los árboles imperecederos, que ni creció viejo ni vierten sus hojas. La ciudad capital con más de 500 torres y 64 puertas fue rodeada por el palisade de madera con las escapatorias para los arcos. Un aroulnd de la zanja la ciudad sirvió el de doble finalidad de la defensa así como la disposición de aguas residuales. Cada calle tenía sus cursos del agua el servir pues los drenes de la casa que finalmente vaciaron en la fosa. Cualquier depósito que obstruyera el paso era castigable por ley. Requirieron tener elementos de la prevención contra los incendios y así que eran las calles a los dueños de casa también proporcionadas los recipientes del agua y la arena mantuvo listo millares
Transformado para empedrar la ciudad
Era Ashoka que transformó el capital de madera en una construcción de piedra alrededor de 273 B.C. Este cambio repentino incitó el Fa Hein, que visitó la India entre el ANUNCIO 400-15, cree que el genni (demonios) fue comisionado para erigir estas estructuras de piedra masivas. La arquitectura de Mauryan es uno de los menos temas sabidos en historia india, aunque referencias literarias al palacio, fortalezas, pasillos y los stupas están aplenty pero las evidencias archaelogical son escasas, sitio de Kumrahar en Patna se asocian al sitio antiguo del palacio de Patliputra.
Atracciones de la ciudad
Las excavaciones han traído a la luz el período a partir de 600 B.C a 600 A.D. Aquí uno puede admirar el restos de los 80 pillared el pasillo que impresionó Magasthenese más. Estos pilares con la magia del pulimento de Mauryan continúan impresionando incluso a los arquitectos de hoy. Arreglado en ocho filas con diez pilares en cada uno, los resmbles del plan el pasillo de cientos columnas en Persepolis. Kautilya impulsó posiblemente a rey atender a las ediciones públicas aquí por tres horas cada día.
Dentro del complejo de Kumrahar está el restos excavado del hospital caritativo de Ashoka. Sigue habiendo una pequeña distancia lejos es otro Ashokan, el Agam Kuan o el pozo fathomless que se cree ser una parte por supuesto de sus viajes distantes había encontrado el reino de Yama y pensó por consiguiente en la construcción de un pasillo, asemejándose a el de lo que él había visto. Un Ashoka más último demolió los hass y emprendió proyectos mejores de la compasión y de la piedad. Además de los decretos numerosos de la roca que proclaman su mensaje de la paz universal le acreditan para la construcción de 84.000 stupas a través de su reino poderoso.
Desde los turnos imperiales del Mauryas y del Sungas, endecha de Patliputra, no en oscuridad, pero en crepúsculo perpetuo. Además de la pérdida de patrocinio político, Patliputra sufrió los ravages de la naturaleza. En el cierre de 6th siglo, la lluvia continua por 17 días devastó la ciudad que anterior había sido fijada en llamas por los Griegos. Patliputra fue restablecido por Sher Shah Suri en el centro de los 16th siglo. On his return from one of the expeditions, while standing by the Ganga, he said, "If a fort were to be built in this place, the waters of the Ganga could never flow far from it, and Patna would become one of the great towns of this country". Sher Shah’s fort in Patna does not survive, except for some of the walls that have been incorporated within the complex of the Jalan House which was formerly the nawab’s haveli but now a private residence that houses an intersting museum famous for its jade collection and Chinese paintings.
Regaining of Lost Glory During Mughal Empire
A little from this place is the historic mosque of Sher Shah where there are numerous tombs, including that of Mustafa Khan Rohilla. The earliest mosque in Patna is dated 1489 and erected by Alauddin Hussani Shah (one of the Bengal rulers). Locally it is called Begu Hajjam’s mosque for the reason it was repaired in 1646 by a barber of this name.
It was in August 1574 when Akbar came to Patna to crush the Afghan Chief, Daud Khan. His successful seige resulted in an enormus booty that included 265 elephants and much to the rejoicing of common people, who enjoyed picking up gold coins and other articles on the river bank, through which Daud had fled to Orissa in the cover of darkness.
Akbar’s Secretary of State and author of Aini-Akbari refers to Patna as a flourishing center for paper, stone and glas industries. He also attests to the high quality and the numerous varieties of rice grown in Patna that had gained popularity in Europe.
Much later the Venetian traveller, Manucci was impressed by the fine earthen pottery and the cups of clay made in Patna that were finer then glass, lighter than paper and highly scented.
Shah Jahan as a rebel prince visited Patna together with Queen Mumtaz and their architectural pursuit finds reflection in the shape of a beautiful mosque cum madarsa by the side of the Ganga. It was built by Saif Khan, the Mughal constructions include the Idgah and a seraj that was once rented for months to make it easier for foreign traders. Later, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb acceded to the request of his favourite grandson, Prince Muhamad Azim was a young prince who aspired to make Patna, a second Delhi but his ambition was cut short by the patriachal war. With the decline of Mughal power, Patna slipped into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal, who maintained its commercial prosperity.
Flourished as a Centre of International Trade
Patna during the 17th century was the centre of international trade. The Britishers started with a factory in Patna in 1620 for the purchase and storage of calico and silk. Soon it became a trading point for saltpetre, urging other European powers like the French, the Danes, the Dutch and the Portuguese to compete in the lucrative business. Various European factories and godowns started mushrooming in Patna and it acquired a trading fame that attracted far off merchants, as observed by Peter Mundy in 1632, who calls this place, "the greatest mart of the eastern region.
Bankipore Club is precisely the place where the dutch are believed to have anchored their boats and the dance hall of the club is one of the original Dutch buildings. Today’s Patna College administrative block was said to be the Dutchman’s residence. Other important European landmarks are the Padri Ki Haveli, deemed to be the oldest church in Bihar dating back kto 1772. Nearby is the Patna cemetery which was once the haveli of the Bengal nawabs. The cemetery is marked by an obelisk that covers the remains of the 47 Englishmen done to death by Samru, a French freebooter in the army of Nawaz Mir Qasim.
In the list of cold blooded murders, mention may be made of Nawaz Zainuddin Haibat Jung, the Governor of Bihar (1740-48) and father of Nawaz Siraj-ud-Daulah,who was most treacherously murdered by Murad Sher Khan (a Rohilla Afghan) as a revenge for killing another eastern and western gates of Patna. This was followed by the loot and plunder of Patna by the Rohillas. The body of Nawab Haibat Jung was buried at Begumpur, close to the Patna city railway station. The tomb deserves a visit for its beautiful black stone jali work, through it lies inl the centre of a paddy field while the adjoining garden mosque and Imambara have given way to fields.
Other Attractions of The City
The first Nawab of Oudh, Saadat Ali Khan lies buried at Patna, some distance from the mainl railway station. The surrounding wall and the screen provided by Safdarjung is hardly traceable. Another monument is the Imambara of Imam Bandi Begum whose tomb was once a beautiful piece of latticed wall.
The Government printing press at Gulzarbagh was the European godown for opium and next to it are the ruins of Panini’s ashram. Golghar is Patna’s granary built in 1786 by Captain John Garstin following a terible famine in 1770, to serve as a state granary. A flight of steps winds roulnd the 29 metre high building leading to the top from where one gets a fine view of the river Ganga and the city of Patna. It is an imposing landmark from where the distances are calculated in Patna.
Takht Harmandir is one of the sacred Sikh shrines, making the birthplace of the 10th Guru, Govind Singh. The present five storeyed building was completed in 1957 though it was started by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. A little distance from the shrine is Mir Ashrf’s mosque dating back to 1773 and admired for its beautiful tank just outside the mosque. A unique and Patna’s only single domed mosque built during Shah Jehan’s period can be seen around the Mangal Talao. Mirza Masoom’s mosque, built in 1616 is appreciated for its beautiful black baslt door that possible belonged to a Buddhist shrine as evident from its rich carving.
A decade later was erected Pathar Ki Masjid by Perves, the elder and Paschmi Darwaza. The Eastern gate is provided with a temple dedicated to Patan Devi the presiding deity of the city)while the Western gate is graced by the Chhoti Patan Devi temple. The temples have been newly constructed and the images are said to have been provided by Raja Mann Sing, the Mughal Governor during the times of Akbar.
Other places of interest in Patna include the Khuda Baksh Oriental Library, famous for its rare Arabic and Persian manuscripts, rich paintings and numerous volumes of rare books. Likewise the Patna Mauryan period and other archaeological finds. Among the stone sculpture special reference may be made of the famous Chouri bearer of the Mauryan period, popularly called Didarganj Yakshi.
Another captivating image is that of Shalabhanjika (late Maurya Sunga period ) in her full youthful posture, twisting the branches of the Sala tree. One of the museum’s prized exhibit is the 16 metre long fossilized tree and another priceless object that has just been included in the display section are the ashes of Lord Buddha. Seven life sized statues in front of the Old Secretariat revive the memory of brave young men who sacrificed their lives in August 1942 in the historic struggle for independence. Sadaqat Ashram is another landmark which later became the retreat of Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
The best time to visit Patna is between October and March perferably the festive occasion of Chaath (a week after deepavali ) or during the cattle fair at Sonepur which is not very far from Patna.